Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Equation

Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction Purpose: The goal of the lab is to determine the mole ratio of two reactants in a chemical reaction (AgNO3 and K2CrO4). However, the formulas for the products are unknown. Introduction: When determining the molar ratio of a chemical equation, usually the formulas of the reactants and the products are known. With that information, it is particularly easy to determine the ratio. However, since the products and the formulas for the products are unknown, another property of the reaction must be analyzed to find the ratio.This property depends on the amount of the product formed or on the amount of reactant that remains. Properties may include the color intensity due to the product, the mass of the precipitate that forms, or the volume of a gas evolved. In this experiment, the method of continuous variations will be used to determine the mole ratio of two reactants. With this method, the total number of moles of reactants is k ept constant for the series of measurements. The property that is going to be measured is the change in temperature.The temperature change, or the heat produced, will be directly proportional to the amount of reaction occurs and to the total extent of it. The optimum ratio, which is the ratio of the reactants in the balanced chemical reaction, will form the greatest amount of product, or generate the most heat, and will be key to determining the molar ratio. Corrosive liquids, which burn the skin, will be used in the experiment. When this liquid reacts with acid, a toxic gas will formed. Keep away from the gas and protect your skin and clothing.Work in a fume hood or well-ventilated lab. Wear chemical splash goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, and a chemical-resistant apron. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory. The molar ratio of the reactants is the ultimate goal of the lab. In order to achieve that, secondary observations on the temperature chan ge will have to be made and analyzed. The data and graph made after the data is attained will assist in that. Procedure: 1) Obtain 2 beakers with 175mL of NaClO in one and 175mL of â€Å"Solution B† in another. ) Measure the temperature of each and make sure they are the same. 3) Measure 5. 0mL of NaClO and 45. 0mL of â€Å"Solution B† with the appropriate graduated cylinders and add them to a Styrofoam cup. 4) Stir the solution with a thermometer, and record the max temperature reached. 5) Pour the solution out, rinse the cup, and repeat steps 1-4 using a different ratio of the two substances, keeping the total volume at 50. 0mL. 6) Continue testing various ratios until you have at least 3 measurements on either side of the peak temperature difference.Conclusion: When the formula of the products are unknown in a chemical reaction, experiments must be done to find the mole ratio of the reactants. In our experiment, we used the method of continous variations to determin e to the mole ratio of the two reactants. The property measured was the change of temperature, as indicated in the data table. The method of continous variations keeps the total number of moles of reactants constant through a series of titrations.Each titration varies the mole fraction of each reaction from mixture to mixture by adjusting the ratio of NaClO to Na2SO3, which is also indicated in the data table. Theoretically, the maximum temperature change occurs when teh mole fraction of the reactants is closest to the actual stoichiometric mole ratio, which signals the mole ratio based on the mole fraction in the titration. According to the analysis, the mole ratio is 1:2 in the order of NaClO to Na2SO3.This ratio was concluded by the graph, in which the lines of best fit were extrapolated to intersect at the optimum ratio point. However, there was room for error when measuring the liquids in each titration. The measurements weren't always exact which could affect the change in tem perature. Also, when measuring the temperature it might not have been exact due to inconsistent stirring. Nonetheless, the goal of the lab was to find the mole ratio of the two reactants and it was concluded to be 1:2.

OOPS Assignment

The second is a list of operations. For each class, select the operations that make sense for object in class. Discuss the behavior of each operation listed for each class Classes variable length array-ordered collection of objects, indexed by integer , whose size an vary at run time Symbol Table- a table that maps text keywords into description Set-unordered collection of objects with no duplicates Operations Append—add an object to the end of collection Copy—make a copy of a collection Count—return the no. F elements in collection Delete—remove a member from collection Index—retrieve an object from a collection at a given position Intersect—determine the common members of two collections Insert—place an object into a collection at a given position Update—add a member to a collection, writing over whatever is already there Variable length array-ordered collection of objects, indexed by integer , whose size can vary at run time 1. Insert: To insert an object in ordered collection. 2. Index: Indexed by integer to retrieve an object from a collection. . Count: Return no. Of elements whose size can vary at runtime. 2 Set-unordered collection of objects with no duplicates: 1. Insert: To insert an object into a collection. 2. Intersect: To determine the duplicates in a collection. 3. Delete: To delete any object or a duplicate member from a collection. 4. Update: To update a collection by including new member. Symbol Table- a table that maps text keywords into description. 1 . Insert: To map text keywords into description. 2. Count: For Symbol Table. SQ.If you were designing a protocol for transferring computer files from one computer to another over telephone lines, which of the following details would you select as relevant? Explain how your selected details are relevant a. Electrical noise on the communication lines b. The speed at which serial data is transmitted, typically 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 , or 9600 b its per second c. Availability of a relational database d. Availability of good full screen editor e. Number of tracks/sector on the hard drive 1. The speed at which serial data is transmitted.To transfer serial data as a computer files from one computer to another speed is required according to the amount of data. Some files use high transfer rates so above 300 or 1200 BSP speed is required. 2. Availability of a relational database. At a time of transferring data through telephone lines a relational database is required as a medium or path to connect different computers with catheter. 3. Number of tracks/sector on the hard drive. Number of tracks/sector on the hard drive is also required as a source or destination at a time of attracting files between computers.SQ. Define Math Class and which associated functions can be used for the following task To get absolute value To get ceil of number To get floor of number To get natural logarithm (base e) To get Max of two values To get min of two values To generate random number To calculate power for a number To calculate square root of number Proper function syntax and description should be given MATH CLASS: Math class contains methods for performing basic numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric functions.FUNCTIONS: To get absolute value: Math. Abs() To get ceil of number: Math. Ceil() To get floor of number: Math. Floor() To get natural logarithm (base e): Math. Log() To get Max of two values: Math. Max() To get min of two values: Math. Min() To generate random number: Math. Random() To calculate power for a number: Math. Expo(double a) To calculate square root of number: Math. Sort(double a). SQ. Write a Java application called Summing. Java that takes exactly four integers ND determines and prints the smallest, the largest and the sum of these four integers.The program's output should look like the following: The first integer: 4 The second integer: 6 The third integer: 2 The fourth integer: 7 The smallest integer was 2 and largest integer was 7. The sum of these four integers is 19 SOURCE CODE: package summing; import Java. ITIL. Scanner; * @author Monsoon public class Summing { public static void main(String[] rags) { Scanner surprises=new Scanner(System. In); into a[]=new into[4]; into System. Out. Print(â€Å"Enter Four integers: â€Å");

Contemporary Ethical Issues in Criminal Justice and Private Security Essay

Since the events of the Newtown School Shooting and the Boston Marathon Bombing both cities have rebuilt themselves after suffering attacks in 2012 and 2013 that shook the cities and took the lives of many. As the responsible party of any facility or public event security planning and practice plays a vital part in a city subject to future acts of selfless acts of crimes or acts of terrorism. Societal structures, such as schools, malls and churches, are key elements of American lifestyles. Public events such as concerts, marathons, or parades, host millions of people at any given time making them subjective to mass terrorist attacks. Terrorist groups focus on creating organized chaos and inflicting major damage on areas and people. Like the events of September 11th, terrorist events are not always in a particular area at a particular time. This was shown to be true with past events such as the Newton School Shootings and the Boston Marathon Shooting. Eli Saslow, author of â€Å"After Newtown shootings, Pennsylvania county hires armed school guards† explores previous school shootings and security. The Washington Post discusses how security measures have changed from that of Columbine. It talks about the use of metal detectors, intercoms, surveillance systems, and now gun toting teachers. Education systems in Pennsylvania, Utah, and Tennessee are now training teachers to carry firearms, or hiring â€Å"security specialists† at a rate of $11.50 per hour (2013, para. 1). Frank Cichra, one of the paid officers protecting schools, ponders,† Was he protecting kids’ environment or changing it?† (2013). The basis of the article was to find additional ways to ensure that beyond placing schools on â€Å"threat alert† that the schools would be safe. In an article from The Examiner, titled â€Å"The Boston Marathon terrorist and immigration reform† author Hugh Hewitt discusses the issues of immigration reform and national security issues. This most recent incident has brought about discussions on open discussions and support for amendments. The issue compares these debates to those that will take place in reference to the Newtown school shootings and the gun laws debate. The article focuses on the importance of background checks and entry-and-exit procedures. Although the article states that both of the bombers were legal immigrants it goes on to say that there is speculation that one of them may have left and returned in later years. Hewitt states that â€Å"Immigration reform is crucial for national security. But it has to be done the right way, and unless it is done that way this effort will collapse even as the misguided push for gun control collapsed† (2013, para. 14). Recommendations Conclusion The Newton school shootings and the Boston Marathon bombing both had a profound effect on the way policies and procedures are carried out and by whom. These events were made significant because it brought back to the table important issues such as security at a national level, which includes the topics of gun control and immigration. Security planning at the national level has a direct emphasis on homeland security. A prime example of combining all levels of security, the vision of homeland security simply states: â€Å"The United States, through a concerted national effort that galvanizes the strengths and capabilities of Federal, State, local; the private and non-profit sectors; communities, and individual citizens — along with our partners in the international community — will work to achieve a secure Homeland that sustains our way of life† (Bellavita, 2008, para. 1). National level security planning connects all sectors of security to provide protection for the United States against terrorism, different hazards, and catastrophic events. These changes have created a liaison that extends beyond United States territory and forces the updating of older policies. Bellvita quotes a definition from National Strategy For Homeland Security as â€Å"a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur† (2008). Nationally, security planning will involve familiarity with foreign policies, key groups, and national terrorist warnings. One way the emphasis on homeland security affects security planning is the price tag on security. The events discussed in this paper has spawned have changes in our criminal justice system and private security practices. Through these events communication with law makers, foreign influences, and United States citizens has increased awareness and accountability. Updating current systems, technologies, vehicles, and trainings have all brought a new structure to the emergency security protocol. A commonality of safety has carried the nation through its grief while enhancing security protocols and procedures.

Ultra Vires with an Emphasis on the Law in Georgia Research Paper

Ultra Vires with an Emphasis on the Law in Georgia - Research Paper Example Sometimes this term is used to signify the act of directors of a firm in which they exceed the power granted them. The cases of Ultra Vires, which include case of Rayfield v Hands, Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company and Shuttleworth v Cox Brothers and Company drives attention towards the laws regarding ultra vires in many states, including Georgia, along with the conditions which decide whether an act is ultra vires or not. There are many cases registered under ultra vires. One of them is the case of Rayfield v Hands. Field-Davis Ltd. was a firm doing business as constructors. This company followed the Companies Act 1929 and had share capital of 4000 Euros. These 4000 Euros were further divided into shares of one Euro each out of which 2900 were issued (â€Å"DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES-EFFECTS AND EXCEPTIONS"). Leslie Rayfield was the plaintiff (now called claimant) and had 725 shares as a shareholder in the company (â€Å"DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES-EFFECTS AND EXCEPTIONS†). Moreover, Gordon Wyndham Hands, Alfred William Scales and Donald Davies were the defendants as well as the directors of the firm. According to the article 11 of the articles of the association of company, it was necessary that the directors of the company will take the shares at a fair value if the shareholder informs them regarding his transfer of shares in the company. To this, the defendants disagreed to take in and pay the fair price to the plaintiff. The claimant filed a complaint and later it was found that the articles were put together in such a way due to which directors were required to purchase the shares at a fair value (Cassidy, 2008). The objects of Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company written in its Memorandum of Association were to only supply the material necessary for construction of railways and not to work on construction of them. However company entered into the contract of building railways. This was clearly in opposition with the provision of the Company Act of 1862(â€Å"DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES-EFFECTS AND EXCEPTIONS†). Due to this contract, being against the Memorandum of Association was considered as ultra vires and not even the directors of the company could act against it even with their mutual consent. The shareholders could have passed a resolution to sanction the release or they could have changed the terms and conditions that were a part of company’s memorandum or articles. In the case of Shuttleworth v Cox Brothers and Company, it was decided that the contract decided on the basis of the articles present in the memorandum between the firm and the plaintiff could under goes change. If this new change is in the favor of the company then the contract will not be breached and this change will be considered as valid. Due to this, there was no doubt left that the alteration could be beneficial for the firm. Since there was dearth of evidence to prove the act of alteration of bad intentions, hence shareholders coul d not be questioned. Considering all this, the claimant was not granted the relief (â€Å"DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES-EFFECTS AND EXCEPTIONS†). Georgia has its own laws when it comes to ultra vires. Rules and regulations that are posed on the firms working under Georgia’s laws are, 1. A corporation’

Construction and organisation management. Tendering and estimating Essay

Construction and organisation management. Tendering and estimating - Essay Example But now the situation is getting better and the CSN also stated that the industry will have a growth rate of 1.4% each year from 2011-14. Under such a recession that the medium and small contractors must restrategize themselves, their policies and their operating zones. As it is seen that the north parts of UK have seen massive downturn, and whereas other parts such as wales and London have seen growth due to important events such as Olympics and etc. It is to be noted that there are about 614 contracting companies working in the south east England which is the highest no of companies that work in any other region of UK, on the other hand there are about 511 contracting companies that operated in the London region. This statistics clearly show the high level of saturation in the market and the stiff competition to get projects. This fact the bidding process of L & H significantly, as L & H should go for the project which it has been invited for and at the same time it should be consc ious of the fact that cost analysis of the project should be done vigorously and carefully as new location of project can open new markets for the company as well as cause loss to the company due to in experience in that region. The solution I suggest for the problem is that L & H must go for the bidding process with its full strength and if it is successful in getting the project it must involve and hire the workers and form a team which consists of the local people as well as L & H old loyal workers. Personally I believe that if L & H gets the new work at even a small profit it should go for it, as the main focus of the company should be getting projects and sustaining itself in recession. Then another fact that is to be noted that the growth rate of construction industry is about 1.4% but the growth rate of the south east England is just 0.8% which clearly shows that the growth in this region is less and companies need to move out of the region to sustain their own growth. Then L & H must also view which type of project is it bidding for, it is to be noted that there is huge growth in some sectors of construction industry and there is huge decay in the others. It is suggested that the L & H should be looking forward in creating its good will and name in the public sector as it is the only sector having significant funding at the moment. Whereas on the other hand private sector is not any longer investing much as it is in process to recover itself from the recession and has no confidence on the returns. It is to be noted that infrastructure sector of the construction industry is growing immensely that is it is growing at a rate of more than 6.7 % and majority of the projects coming up are of Infrastructure, contrary to this is the housing sector which is badly struck and experience a decay of 3.9 %. So when L & H must be bidding and going for projects in infrastructure sector. Concluding the discussion if L & H is to survive in these difficult times of reces sion and have to sustain its own growth it has to take a certain level of risk which is to expand its operational area and work in areas where there is both growth and lesser competition. On the other hand it has to emerge itself as a mainstream public sector contractor which mains interest is working in infrastructure and development. b) Morale has been low on several sites in one area, communication and quality of work has suffered. Discuss It has been proved

Marketing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Analysis - Essay Example It also identifies the key features of the different elements of the marketing mix for the restaurant. The UK pizza and pasta restaurants market has significantly developed over the last decade, with new entrants every successive year. According to Hall (2005), the sector has accomplished significant growth which is demonstrated by the current annual sales of  £2 billion. The full potential of this market has not been achieved and therefore it presents an important opportunity for investment. The market is developing through a two tire chain whereby one chain comprises full service restaurants focused on high end products while the other is based on low cost products sold in casual dining and small takeaway outlets that also deliver packed products to clients. The market trends indicate a tendency for consumers to find it convenience to eat out rather than waste time preparing meals, which has also increased takeaway sales. Sporting events also significantly contribute to the takeaway pizza and pasta sales where people congregate to watch games such as the European premier league at home. Younger consumers are the majority in the pizza and pasta market. Constant innovations in the market leading to the development of new packages in the menu and price promotions are positively influencing growth in the pizza and pasta restaurant market (Cagan & Vogel, 2001). Targeting is a critical aspect of marketing whereby the entrepreneur identifies potential consumers that the business can effectively accomplish its objectives. Hall (2005) notes that youth are an important target in the pizza and pasta market as evidence shows they are the majority among consumers of fast foods. New entrepreneurs in the market can effectively target households with young children, university students and emerging professionals. Lewis (2011) also highlights middle and high income households as an important target for medium to high end products. This consumer segment

Classroom Management and Student Discipline Research Paper - 1

Classroom Management and Student Discipline - Research Paper Example 1). Thus, classroom management is instrumental to both effective learning and teacher retention. Classroom management strategies are highly defined by theoretical assumptions borrowed from various disciplines such as developmental psychology and biology. Borrowing from these disciplines is logical since classroom management is highly contingent to the specific age group. The goal of this essay is to examine the theoretical models behind the practices in classroom management. Towards this end, I will be comparing and contrasting three theoretical strands in classroom management practices. These are reinforcement theory, classroom ecology and group process, and child-centered traditions. The succeeding section of the essay highlights the theories I have chosen and provide examples of strategies that are hinged on the specific theory discussed. The third section will engage in a critical analysis of these theories. In conclusion, I will argue that the major theories though diverging at some points, do not necessarily contradict each other. I will emphasize the need for more empiri cal data on the classroom management strategies and the need for teachers to continuously engage in research to develop effective practices that have sound theoretical foundations. Strategies and practices in classroom management are hardly created from air. â€Å"There is no evidence to support the assumption that new teachers will just â€Å"pick up† classroom management skills given the experience and time (Ingersoll & Smith, 2003, p. 3). Like any discipline, effective techniques evolve through philosophical discussions and sound theoretical background. The following section discusses three of these major theories. Behaviorism became a popular concept in the early twentieth century, from which the reinforcement theory developed. â€Å"Reinforcement theory emphasizes the centrality of

Discuss Quasi-Experimental Designs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discuss Quasi-Experimental Designs - Coursework Example Multiple-baseline design differs from a reversal design in that the multiple-baseline design measures multiple variables prior to and after a treatment while a reversal design (also known as ABAB design) is a kind of single-case experimental design which can only measure a single case. Additionally, in Multiple-baseline design, treatment is often introduced to a multiple number of people at different intervals. Quasi-experiments have a number of advantages as well as potential weaknesses. Some of the major advantages of quasi-experiments include greater validity (as it involves more real world conditions) and significantly much more feasibility given logistical and time constraints (Trochim and Donnelly, 2008). On the other hand, the weaknesses of quasi experiments include less controlled variables, and lack of randomness. The absence of randomization is a fundamental weakness as it can lead to weaker evidence by making. This weakness does not always matter as long as it is recognized as quasi- experiment offers a powerful research tool especially in areas where true experiments may not be feasible. Yes, when participants are randomly assigned to groups, it is assumed that the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study. This is particularly attributed to the randomness of the selection. However, the participants eventually became nonequivalent at the end due to the researcher’s lack of control over the selected participants for ach group. This may be solved by using pretests and covariance experimental designs. The particular outcomes of a given study can be used to effectively suggest that a threat is likely to have been present include covariation, temporal precedence as well as the presence of other plausible alternative explanation for the research results may reveal a threat to the validity of the research. a. Non-equivalent control group pretest only: Involves comparing the treatment and comparison

Economics Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics Issue - Essay Example Korea as well as India may take the initiative of lessening tax rates for addressing and mitigating the above stated issues by a considerable extent. Based on the journal, which mainly depicted one of the problems facing by the economies across Asia concerning about diminishing inflation rates, it can be affirmed that then above nations must remain quite vigilant in keep the inflation rates under greater control. This might aid in attracting the investors and also the other stakeholders to take necessary and appropriate measures about solving such a crucial economic issue (Wright, â€Å"Economies across Asia Face Falling Inflation Rates†). With this concern, the essay intends to address the aforesaid economic issue with determining its impact on the economies and identifying the measures to address and mitigate such a crucial economic issue. In relation to Asian countries, Japan took the initiative of lessening consumer expenditures and making substantial investments for mitigating the problem of dipping inflation rates. In recent times, Japan experienced the crucial concern of rising prices in the form of monetary as well as fiscal stimulus. In this particular scenario, the economists anticipate that the inflation will fall below at certain rates in future. Apart from Japan, the inflation rate in Indonesia can also be apparently noticed below 8 % at the end of the year 2013 and the economists expect that inflation rate will be higher in subsequent years. This might be due to the reasons of increased level of globalization, gaining momentum of internationalization and most importantly increased level of customers’ expenditures among others (Wright, â€Å"Economies across Asia Face Falling Inflation Rates†). As per the article presented in Wall Street Journal, it can be ascertained that the respective governments of Asia have mainly relied on the debts for

Hip Hop Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hip Hop Music - Essay Example The term hip hop was coined by a rapper known as Keith Cowboy who was a group member of the Grandmaster flash and the Furious five band. He did this when he was teasing a friend who had joined the U.S. army by singing these words i.e. hip hop hip hop in a manner that imitated the rhythm of marching soldiers. He then used the hip hop rhythm in a part of his performance on stage from where other artistes picked. The word first appeared in print form in a book titled Village Voice that was authored by Steven Hager. Hip hop music is a music genre that is comprised of two major components, which are, rapping which is also referred to as MCing or it also goes by the name DJing; and record scratching. Rapping utilizes vocals where the performer speaks rhythmically to supportive beats which are in most cases generated from some bits of other songs. The history of hip hop has it that it has evolved through two main eras; the era of old school hip hop that ranged from the year 1970 and lasted till the year 1985. The new age or golden era of the hip hop school began in 1985 and lasted till the year 1993 Rappers are also known to recite poems in the course of making the hip hop performance. The other components include graffiti which is usually made on the clothing wore by the performers, and break dancing. Some instrumentals played in the version or trend that depicts hip hop are also categorized into this group hence regarded as hip hop. It is worth noting that hip hop music is part of the larger hip hop culture that comprises of fashion, music and art. Hip hop is characterized with a drum beat that regularly takes up the 4/4 time signature. It might be accompanied with vocal bit of the music which might also be ignored. The hip hop music might be presented by a live band or as produced music Roots of hip hop lyricism The roots of hip hop can be dated back to the 1970's. They can be found in music that was played by the West African and African Americans that were living in this era. These West African hip hops fore fathers also known as the griots played songs and made poems that had a musical style that was suggestive of hip hop music. They were composed of a group of singers and poets and they were engaged in much traveling and singing as their career. This group of singers also forms part of an oral tradition that existed hundreds of years past (Flores 2000P24). The other fore fathers of rap were found in the New York City who made their performances in a similar manner as the griots. They gave performances of a poetic nature as well as music that suggested hip hop. They held the traditions known as talking blues; signifying the dozens and jazz poetry- all of which makes part of oral tradition. Some other groups of people who made great contributions to the roots of hip hop include a group popular for poetry and that was known as the last poets, and a poet known by the name Jalal Mansur Nurridin who was vocal even in the 1960s The popularization of the block parties in the New York City during the 1970s led to the greatest development of the hip hop music. This can be attributed to the fact that music especially of the funk and soul music nature was often played heavily in these parties. Frequent playing of this music led to the discovery of a means of playing the percussion breaks in songs that had formed part of the most popular hits during those days. This was after it was realized that the parts that were isolated were the most danceable parts that entertained crowds the most. DJ Kool Herc has been famed as

Corporate Valuation, Capital Structure and Dividend policy Essay

Corporate Valuation, Capital Structure and Dividend policy - Essay Example News Corporation is one of the top television groups in the world. Its business includes the best broadcasting company of United States called Fox Broadcasting Company. News Corporation’s cable network programming segment produces and issues licenses for programming to be broadcast on satellite. In addition to this News Corporation is one of the best motion picture producers. Fox Filmed Entertainment is considered to be the market leader in the movie production and distribution (News Corporation, 2013). In this report, some of the strategic decisions made by the companies in the year 2012 and 2011, have been considered and their impact on profitability. Capital structure has also been discussed in detail as well as dividend policy (1)Business Decisions News Corporation In June 2012, the board of director of the New Corporation decided to operate with two specializes segments. One of the segments will focus on news, publishing and education and the other segment will focus on t he media and entertainment. The company believes that they will be able to achieve the expected rate of growth with the application of this change. Return on assets measures which the profit in terms of total assets used by the business (Berman & Joe, 2008), for the quarter ended March 2012 was only 1.49% because the total profit was only $937 million and the total assets were $62,745 million. The profit was continuously declining and the company sustained loss of $1,553 million in the quarter ended June 2012. After this decision the profitability in both the quarter ended was improved. News Corporation enabled itself to achieve 3.56% returns on assets in the September quarter and this return further improved a bit in the last quarter and it reached to 3.79%. Market capitalization can be calculates by multiplying the number of outstanding share with the share price on a particular day (Francesco, 2007). The total number of outstanding shares is 1,584.5 million. Share price were incr eased from $19.71 per share to $25.51 per share in December 2012 which resulted in increased market capitalization. Market capitalization in March 2012 was $31,230.5 (1,584.5 million shares*$19.71) million as compare to the market capitalization of the $40,420 (1,584.5 million shares*$25.51) million in December 2012. News Corporation repurchased capital stock of $4.6 billion in the year ended June 2012. The company is planning to repurchase another $5 billion share from the market next year. This repurchase will definitely improve the profitability in the long. EPS will improve significantly together with ROCE. Since the capital employed will decrease by the heavy amount and there is no serious decline is expected in the profit. However, market capitalization will also decrease since the number of outstanding shares will decline. The company took initiative to make the growth rate faster. The major work was done on the Cable Network Programming. This proved to be the most important factor of the growth in 2011. Due to this growth the company was able to achieve growth of 22% in four quarters of the financial year 2011. This growth also resulted in higher earnings per share and high operating profit I every segment in 2011. Limited Brands The company repurchased shares amounting to $1.190 billion. Due to this repurchase the dividend per share was increased from $0.6 per share in 2009 to $3.8 per share in 2011. Earnings per share have also increased due to this reason. This repurchase has not

Saving Sourdi Essay Example for Free

Saving Sourdi Essay Part I In â€Å"Saving Sourdi† by May-Lee Chai, the author creates Sourdi and Nea’s characters using description, narration, dialog, and commentary. Description â€Å"Sourdi looked like a statue that had been rescued from the sea. She was smooth where I had angles and soft where I was bone. Sourdi’s face was round, her nose low and wide, her eyes crescent-shaped like the quarter moon, her hair sleek as seaweed. Her skin was a burnished cinnamon color.† (Chai 131) This description portrays Sourdi as an innocent and gentle young lady. Narration â€Å"Sourdi emerged from the kitchen, dressed in a bright pink sweatsuit emblazoned with the head of Minnie Mouse, pink slippers over her feet, the baby on her hip. She had a bruise across her cheekbone and the purple remains of a black eye. Sourdi didn’t say anything for a few seconds as she stared at me, blinking, her mouth falling open. â€Å"Where’s Ma?† (Chai 139) This narration shows that after her arranged marriage, Sourdi is not the girl she used to be because she now has to live with a man whom she doesn’t really love and care for a baby at a young age. Dialog â€Å"Nea, what’s wrong with you?† â€Å"What’s wrong with me? Don’t you get it? I was trying to help you!† Sourdi sighed as the baby spat a spoonful of the glop onto the table. â€Å"I’m a married woman. I’m not just some girl anymore. I have my own family. You understand that?† â€Å"You were crying.† I squinted at my sister. â€Å"I heard you.† â€Å"I’m gonna have another baby, you know. That’s a big step. That’s a big thing.† She said this as though it explained everything. â€Å"You sound like an old lady. You’re only twenty, for Chrissake. You don’t have to live like this. Ma is wrong. You can be anything, Sourdi.† (Chai 140) This narration shows that Sourdi respects her mother’s wishes, even though she doesn’t necessarily agree with them. Commentary â€Å"I ran into the kitchen. I had this idea to get the cook and the cleaver, but the first thing that caught my eye was this little paring knife on the counter next to a bowl of oranges. I grabbed the knife and ran back out to Sourdi.† (Chai 129) This commentary shows that Nea is very protective of her sister and will do anything to help her. Part II â€Å"Saving Sourdi† is told from Nea’s point of view. If Sourdi or the mother was telling the story, it would be told completely different. If the story had been written from Sourdi’s point of view, we would know her feelings about the arranged marriage.We would also know her view of the relationship with her sister. If the story had been written from the mother’s point of view, we would know her reasons for wanting Sourdi to marry Mr. Chhay. We would also know more about her relationship with her daughters. Part III In â€Å"Saving Sourdi†, Nea’s culture affects the story because her family is Asian, and they are trying to adjust to life in America. This is important to take into consideration to understand why certain events are happening in the story. The fantasy of the American Dream is relevant to the story to show why they moved to America. The story states, â€Å"When we moved to South Dakota, I thought we’d find the real America, the one where we were supposed to be†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Inter Professional Practice In Health Nursing Essay

Inter Professional Practice In Health Nursing Essay Inter-professional practice includes benefits that help to improve the provisions of health and social care services. One of these benefits that derive from inter-professional practice is that it increases the number of professions, which means that all aspects of service users who have multiple needs requiring different specialists are taken into consideration rather than neglecting some aspects. E.g. an individual who was a victim of domestic violence and had sustained physical injuries would not only receive treatment for the physical injuries but also receive counselling for their emotional needs so that they are healed holistically. By increasing the number of professions also allows health and social services to be able to deal with complexity. This is because of the different qualifications, skills, knowledge and expertises each professional has which not only reduces workload creating less stress but make difficult tasks achievable. Likewise errors made by some professionals can be quickly identified and rectified by others reducing risks towards patients/users e.g. a physiotherapist may fail to provide treatment to a patient which a nurse can pick up on. Professional roles in relation to health and social care provision entail the responsibilities and duties of a professional towards their patients/users. This includes jobs that they have to perform that fits into the specific professions that they have been qualified to do. E.g. the role of a nurse is to provide care for their patients. Professional principles are the rules and regulations that act as a guideline by defining the boundaries/perimeters of what is inclusive and expected of professionals due to the nature of their work, which in terms of the health and social care provision is to provide patients/users the best quality care/services they need to function properly. It also stresses out the legal requirements these professionals need to have in order for them to carry out practice such as the type of qualifications that they need. These principles are set out by professional bodies within certain organisations to act as a guideline in order to maintain the high standing of the profession. E.g. the Nursing and Midwifery council (NMC) regulates nurses and midwives by having codes of conduct which informs nurses and midwives on how to care for their patients by treating them as individuals, giving equal opportunities regardless of their gender, race etc. Professionals within health and social care services use inter-professional working to improve the quality of care that they provide which in turn enhances patient/users experience as their level of trust increases, restoring their confidence further motivating them into using their health and social care services. For example, if it was just one professional available to care for a patient/user with needs that goes beyond the expertise of their profession, the patient/user wouldnt want to use that service as they feel that the professional is incapable of providing the necessary care that they need. However if they know that other professionals can be involve in their care, they are empowered to use the service and get the help that they need. With the level of trust and confidence patients/users develop in their care services due to inter-professional, this enables professionals to creates alliances with their patients/users as these patients/users know that for the professionals to be collaborating, they are being put at the centre of service provision to ensure that they receive a high standard of care. Taylor (2000) defined reflection as throwing back of thoughts and memories, in cognitive acts such as thinking, contemplation, mediation and any other form of attentive consideration, in order to make sense of them, and to make contextually appropriate changes if they are required. This help us to think critically of situations where we might find ourselves in enabling us to make the changes needed to improve certain aspects of ourselves especially in our professional life as it helps to maintain a high standard of work. Reflection also helps us to pick up on errors and ensure that they do not reoccur e.g. a nurse who might not have used effective communication with one of their patient, such as not letting the patient know that they were about to give them an injection. Through reflection, the nurse would know where they went wrong and make certain that they use effective communication which is informing the patient before carrying out any procedure. In this reflection, Ill be referring to the Marks-Maran Roses Reflective Cycle (1997) to explore and highlight areas within a specific event for me to make any required changes. The cycle consists of an explanation of the event, my thoughts arising from the situation, how it relates to theory and how it can be applied into practice. The inter-professional learning is based on a session which I (a student nurse) took part in with my student peers from different professions consisting of a student; social worker, physiotherapist, radiotherapist, pharmacist and three other student nurses. The session was based on a case study about a girl named Millie, who has Downs Syndrome and also a long term boyfriend and wanted to go on the Contraceptive Pill. We had to debate about whether it was in her best interest to start taking the pills or not. My team had to debate against Millie going on the pill, for this my team and I used different skills such as communication, listening, information gathering and teamwork skills in order to achieve the main aim of the task. I made use of my communication skill by interacting with my student peers within my team and the opposing team to discuss about the evidence gathered and our own view of the situation. Communication involves a reciprocal process of sending and receiving message between two or more persons. Sellman and Snelling (2010). For the other opposing team to hear our side of the debate we had to be clear, precise and concise so that they are able to give feedback to show that they understood our arguments. I made sure I used the right tone of voice by sounding calm and collected in the manner in which I delivered my speech, by keeping the pitch of my voice moderately loud enough for others to hear me without sounding aggressive, even though at some points of the debate the level of my voice was slightly high when some members of the opposing team became hostile by shouting over my team. I felt that this skill was used appropriately and effectively even though there were times were it lacked consistency. This is because I have learnt that communication does not only involve using words, signs, language, tone, speech etc, it also consists of body language e.g. how you face an individual during a conversation. I also noticed that others in my team positioned their body away from the rest of the group which looked like they werent interested or wanted to be part of the team. This has made me more conscious of my body language when communicating with people so that I dont give the wrong impressions. This skill would be beneficial when applied into practice, importantly in inter-professional working as my role of a nurse involves working collaboratively with other professionals to provide care for certain patients e.g. working with dieticians, radiotherapists, radiologists etc. With effective communication, service users are safeguarded and protected against potential risks they may be exposed to by reducing the number of errors that may occur. For instance, a GP might have prescribed the wrong dosage of medication to an individual, the pharmacist is able to pick up on this and get in contact with the GP. Active listening was shown through feedbacks and contributions which also showed my level of understanding and that of my team members, however if going through what the opposing team had said did not make sense we asked them to repeat themselves. In support to this, Hoppe (2006) suggested that reflecting the other persons information, perspective, and feelings is a way to indicate that you hear and understand. This helped lessen the level of confusion through misinterpretations which the opposing team seem to have had a problem with, as a member of their team kept answering their question that was meant for our team or our questions were not being answered. I have learnt that it is important to actively listen to people as it is the key to effective communication in receiving information, which in turn enables individuals to grasp hold of messages immediately rather than allowing the other person involved to keep on repeating themselves delaying response or action. In practice, this skill would help me to understand patients clearly as it will allow me to pick up on underlying issues which may go unnoticed, for this you must listen to the people in your care and respond to their concerns and preferences (UK Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008). This helps to reduce the likelihood of incidents occurring especially in healthcare such as sending a patient home when they tell you that they are unwell and when they do go back home they are found unconscious or dead. Information gathering was used in this session as we were asked to conduct a research about literatures that were against the contraceptive pill and those that supported it. Because information gathering is also known as research which seeks to make known something about a field of practice or activity which is currently unknown to the researcher (Brown and Dowling 1998), so by looking at various sources; journals, books and the Web rather than focusing on one source for information. This allowed my team and I to collect a wide range of information that targeted different areas of the topic, such as the effect of the pill on a Down syndrome woman and her mental capacity in relation to the Mental Capacity Act 2005 which tries to empower and protect vulnerable people who are unable to make their own decisions (UK Department of Health 2005) and it seemed like Millie was not in the position to make rational decisions due to her disability as one of the symptoms of Downs syndrome is the d ifficulty to understand why they have made certain choices. This skill would be useful in the health and social care sector where me as a health practitioner would need to be able to gather information on services users background on past medical histories by knowing how to source them electronically via the computer, folders and even the patients themselves so that me and those involve in the professionals have an idea of how best to provide effective care. Teamwork involves a group of people working together towards an aim, in my group we supported each other by reading out our literatures based on our research such as statistics and government Acts if we thought that they needed help so that we come out stronger in the debate. Because of lack of teamwork the other team seemed to have struggled for their members were left on their own to argue our points without any input from the rest of their team. I think that this skill is one of the attribute a professional need to have when working collaboratively with other professionals; this means professionals helping each other especially in areas that others may lack in knowledge, understanding or unable to cope by themselves. In health, this ensures that patients/users needs are not neglected by making sure that they are at the centre of service provision by everyone working together as a team. With this skill I have learnt that in order for one to become successful in their work, they have to work with others as effective teamwork is being dependent on each team member being able to anticipate the needs of others (Alonso and Dunleavy 2012) for them to successfully achieve their goals. This is because everyone has weaknesses which may pose as an obstacle preventing them from achieving their goals, but with the help of others barriers are minimised as all the people involved work towards the same goal. For example a social worker might seek the assistance of a nurse to identify their needs such as they might need carers, go into a home that caters to their needs due to the patients medical condition(s). Teamwork can be applied in practice by collaborating with others in a professional manner by contributing, showing support to others and having an understanding of what my role and others roles are within the team as a way to reduce misunderstanding and enable us to work efficiently. In terms of reflection, it helps an individual get a broaden outlook on how they have performed, which for a professional enables them to identify where they might have gone wrong within their practice which they can learn from and assist them in becoming a competent professional.

Gender Stereotypes in Young Children

Gender Stereotypes in Young Children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Sugar and Spice and everything nice, thats what little girls are made of. Society today has made a clear cut line about what is appropriate for a little boy and what is appropriate for a little girl. Society has made that distinction through gender stereotyping. If you walk into a preschool class room today, little girls will be playing dress-up with fairy and princess costumes while the boys will be tackling each other or playing with dump trucks. Even though many people believe that gender is not learned, but instinctual instead, there may be outside influences on gender roles that children fall victim to, for example parents influence gender roles by the language they use and media and toys reinforce gender stereotypes in children by character portrayal and advertisements. There are many different parenting styles that are seen today. Psychologist Diana Baumrind discovered four basic styles of parenting; authoritarian, permissive-indifferent, permissive-indulgent, and authoritative (Morris, 310). Regardless of the parenting style that one family opts for, there seems to be a common thread; the majority of parents will dress little boys in blue and little girls in pink. The thought process behind this is so that their gender can be identified properly by an outside source. No parent wants to be walking through a store with their little boy and have a stranger ask, How old is she? Interestingly enough however, according to the article Whats Wrong with Cinderella? author Peggy Orenstein points out when colors were first introduced to the nursery in the early part of the twentieth century, pink was considered the more masculine hue, a pastel version of red. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, was thought to be dainty. Somewhere along the line, the reverse was thought true; pink was more feminine and blue was more masculine, and is so enforced by todays standards. Another example of how strongly parents influence gender was learned when an experiment was performed at Harvard University. Male babies were dressed in pink outfits and were then given to adults to handle under the impression that they were girls. The language used with the boy babies dressed in pink fell into the female stereotype, while the girl babies dressed in blue fell into the male stereotype, being called handsome and tough (Pruett). Language is a big influence on gender interpretation. Often we tell boys not to cry and explain things with different tones for boys versus girls. If a little girl hits a friend, parents/caregivers might use a gentler phrase like, gentle hands on your friends please. If a little boy hits a friend, parents/caregivers might just shrug the action off as Boys will be boys as the common saying goes or raise their voices to get the point across more strongly, We DO NOT hit our friends! Even the compliments that adults bestow upon children can be gender stereotyping. When you tell a little a girl how pretty she looks in her dress is an illustration of that. Parents lead by example. Their children learn behavior from what they see their parents doing, even if unintentional. If a child sees their mother as the one who always does the laundry and cooks the meals and the father as the one who always takes the trash out, then chances are that the child will follow the same roles when as they grow up. Media also plays a large part in where children learn about what their gender role is. Disney movies are a prime example of this. In these movies, the leading female character, usually a princess, is sweet, romantic, daydreams about Prince Charming, and almost always wears a dress in a pastel color. On the other hand, the same Disney movie can represent the male population watching with a prince, who is usually strong, willing to fight, and always gets the girl at the end. These characters often lead to a misconception of what is feminine and what is masculine. On the spectrum of gender identity, Disney may represent the extremes of what the appropriate gender role is. Advertisements are often seen using gender as a marketing strategy for toys or games. If you look at a commercial for Tonka Trucks, there wont be a little girl to be seen in these ads. However, if you see a commercial for Easy-Bake oven, the opposite will be true. There will be no boys in those commercials. Seeing these on television demonstrates to children what should be an appropriate toy for a little boy and what should be appropriate for a little girl. Even the behaviors of children portrayed in television advertisements are stereotypic. Boys are often seen as active and domineering while the girls are portrayed as shy or overly silly. These advertisements usually lead to the purchase of the toys shown for the sex it was targeted to. Parents often wonder if you give a baby doll to a little boy or a dump truck to a little girl, will they be gender confused. Even the most new-age parents might find it bizarre to see their little boys walking around preschool with a purse and in dress shoes. Boys have a harder time crossing the gender line, whereas some parents of females might think that its alright for their daughters to play with dump trucks or Legos. This does not mean that the son will be more feminine and the daughter will be a tom-boy, but a majority of parents do not want to risk that. Not everyone believes, however, that gender is strictly a learned behavior. In 2009, Texas AM University used eye tracking software to measure infants interest in either male or female toys (Shaffer). According to an article published in 2010, the author M. Fox, found the results to be extremely informative: Hormone levels in the saliva, as well as finger dimensions that indicate prenatal testosterone exposure were measured to see if these things could explain why the infants visually preferred certain toys over others. The results revealed that while the girls preferences werent affected by hormone levels at all, the boys preferences were affected by both current and prenatal hormone levels. It appears that the higher the presence of testosterone at the time of the test, the greater the preference for groups of figures over individual figures, and those who indicated a higher exposure to prenatal testosterone had a stronger preference for the ball over the doll. This means that the boys showed an optical penchant for gender specific toys. In an article in New Scientist, Linda Geddes states that research has been done to show that the introduction of changing levels of testosterone and estrogen while babies are in utero may also have some sway in which toys boys and girls pick. There are other theorists that believe that there is a cognitive connection to gender development. Carol Lynn Martin and Diane Ruble are two such theorists. They discuss Kohlbergs theory of gender development is and what the impact is of knowing your gender does not change. This is an important fact for children to learn, generally setting the concepts of what is correct behavior for your gender type. Martin and Ruble think that there are important cognitive themes for gender development, rather than the influence of a specific outside source. The first important theme discussed is The Emergence of Gender Identity and Its Consequences. In this stage, it is allegedly general knowledge that children understand that there are two different types of genders, and they have the realization that they fall into one of those two categorizing sexes. This first theme is then broken down into two sub-categories, Evaluative Consequences and Motivational and Informational Consequences. The former meaning that the child understands and identifies one group as their own and sees this group as a positive. The latter sub-category means that one the child picks a gender to identify with and while the want to understand the opposite sex dwindles, the individual seems only interested it their own gender identity. The second theme that is thought to be a cognitive gender identity link is Active, Self-Initiated View of Gender Development and the final theme is Developmental Patterns. In these two themes, the thought is that the main focus is learning about the social gender group that they most identify with, and forming and developing the characteristics that are most familiar with the identified gender. While exploring the cognitive connection to gender, many place a strong association to motivational significances and developmental configurations of the gender identity theory. Even though many theorists believe that gender is not a learned behavior, but you are born knowing the difference between appropriate male behaviors and toys and appropriate female behaviors and toys, others disagree. Those people state that there are many possible outside influences on children when they are learning their gender roles in society. Some also believe that being aware of specific gender stereotypes has a connection to how one behaves. The media and toys that children do see and use play an intricate part in the concept of gender roles and parents influence gender identity by using specific language and actions. Whether or not gender is identity is solely obtained by influence or is pre-determined by some cognitive connection, it is an intriguing issue. Should boys and girls be able to make the choice of the toy that they want to play with or what their favorite color is going to be regardless of what society claims is normal? With the role that parents or caregivers pl ay in gender role identification, they should learn different methods for breaking stereotypes. Adults could make sure that they use the same language for both sexes or become involved in activities such as cuddling with boys or wrestling with girls. Connecting children of both sexes in such a manner is a good way to encourage the cycles of gender stereotyping to end.

Unattainable Things in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Unattainable Things in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The roaring twenties. Cars were the things to have and a party was the place to be.   Everybody wanted something. F. Scott Fitzgerald's book, The Great Gatsby, describes the events that happen to eight people during the summer of 1922. In the book, people went from west to east because something they desired was in the east; unfortunatly in the end those 'somethings' were unattainable.         Ã‚  Ã‚   ...I decided to go east and learn the   Ã‚  Ã‚   bond business.   Everybody I knew was   Ã‚  Ã‚   in the bond business so I supposed it   Ã‚  Ã‚   could support one more single man. All   Ã‚  Ã‚   my aunts and uncles talked it over as   Ã‚  Ã‚   if they were choosing a prep school   Ã‚  Ã‚   for me...       Nick went to the east to make money.   He was from the midwest, and even though his family was doing pretty well in the money department, Nick wanted to make his own money. By going from the midwest to the east, Fitzgerald shows Nick's desire to have more money.   After spending the summer in the east and seeing how money affects people, he decides to go back west.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I see now that this has been a   Ã‚  Ã‚   story of the west,   after all-Tom   Ã‚  Ã‚   and Gatsby,   Daisy and Jordan and   Ã‚  Ã‚   I,   were all westerners and and   Ã‚  Ã‚   perhaps we possessed some deficiency   Ã‚  Ã‚   in common which made us subtly   Ã‚  Ã‚   unadaptable to eastern life.       In other words, after finding out what the east was really like, Nick lost his interest in being in the east and returned to the west.            Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gatsby came east looking for another type of money - Daisy.   Gatsby and Daisy had last seen each other about five years before, when they were dating. Then Gatsby had to go to war.   While he was away in war, Daisy met Tom and then married Tom.   Daisy had always been rich and thought that in order to get Daisy back, he need to have money and be able to give Daisy anything she wanted.   He found out that Daisy was in the east and went to go try to get her back.         Ã‚  Ã‚   ...I thought of Gatsby's wonder when

My Private Library Essay -- Descriptive Essay

Just like waking up in the morning and inhaling my first conscious-breath of the day, reading is something essential to me. As I child, I used to dream of having my own and private reading place where I would sit and spend my whole day reading my favorite books without any disturbance. Thanks to my dreams, I now have a wonderful private library in my house. This place is not similar to any other ordinary library but a mini place where you can find a massive number of interesting books of different varieties. Before you come into my library, you will have to obey a simple rule which is not that difficult to follow. Well, it is to be loaded with high reading spirit and I bet you that you will have no space in your heart to say good bye to this place. I can assure you on that as I myself experience the same thing everyday before I leave to work. As I sip my daily morning black coffee from my special coffee mug, I walk into my private library which has an automatic opening and a small hall as we enter. Just beside the couch which is in the hall, there is a mini map on the types of...

To what extent is the American Constitution an elitist document?

To what extent is the American Constitution an elitist document? Why then did the framers provide for public participation in the political process? The best way to approach this assignment is to split it into two and answer first to what extent do I feel the American Constitution an elitist document. When this has been answered then it will be possible to move on to try to understand why the framers of the constitution provided for public participation in the political process. I should begin by saying that I think the Constitution is a very elitist document, but before I elaborate on that opinion I feel that it is necessary to firstly define what an ‘elite' is, and also to provide a bit of background information on the Constitution. An elite is defined by Webster's Dictionary as the best of a class; the socially superior part of society; or a group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise power or influence. When we talk about elites though we have to bear in mind that they prize order and stability above all else, and if they can preserve the status quo they will, however this is diverting from the main question. It is perhaps the last part of the definition that is most relevant when we come to the American Constitution, and ask ourselves to what extent it is an elitist document. Before I come to that though I feel that it is necessary to explain how the Constitution of the United States of America came into being. Without going too far back into history, the thirteen North American colonies had rebelled against the British government after coming to see King George III and his colonial governors as tyrants, and also there were disputes over taxes that had to paid both to the colonial legislatures and the British government. These tensions reached a climax in 1775 and the American War of Independence broke out. This war lasted until 1783, when the British granted independence to each of the thirteen colonies. Each of the thirteen states were now independent and bound together under a loose agreement called the Articles of Confederation (AOC). The Articles of Confederation provided for a unicameral legislature with each state being allotted representatives based upon their total population, but each state had only 1 vote in the legislature. There were many flaws in this arrangement like the fact that there was no executive body; the fact that nine states had to agree to pass legislation; and crucially the AOC could not legislate in the following areas: The national government could not levy taxes, only request funds from the states. This resulted in the national government going into debt almost immediately. * The national government could not regulate commerce and each state had set up tariffs against the other. The result was a building economic recession. * The national government did not have exclusive control over the money supply. Each state and the national government had its own money supply. In the face of these crises, the elites (for want of a better word), of the thirteen states decided unilaterally to revise the AOC, and so the Constitution of 1787 was born. It is now time to examine to what extent the Constitution is an elitist document. â€Å"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. â€Å"1 Superficially at least the Constitution can be said to be a very elitist document by virtue of the way in which it came into being. It was written by fifty-five men out of a population of approximately four million. If we consider that the framing of the Constitution to be the real beginning of the USA, which was in theory supposed to be a democracy, then we have to see the Constitution to be an elitist document because of the way in which the Founding Fathers (a tiny fraction of the population) decided to scrap the AOC and come up with an alternative behind closed doors, without the majority of the population knowing what was going on. Another superficial argument can be made based upon the fact that the delegates who signed the Constitution were as Thomas Jefferson put it â€Å"†¦ an assembly of demigods†. According to Dye and Zeigler â€Å"the men at the convention belonged to the nation's intellectual and economic elites†2. Therefore the Constitution was always going to be biased towards elites because even though the majority of the population were small freeholding farmers their views were not taken into account at the Convention for the simple reason that none of the delegates really came from that section of the nation. As I have said both these reasons are superficial, but if we get into the detail of the constitution then we can see that it is a very elitist document in several key areas. The first is economic elitism. The Constitution gave Congress â€Å"power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States†3. This is all well and good, but when taken with the fact that according to Article 1 Section 2 â€Å"Representatives [and direct taxes] shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers†4 – taxation and representation based upon population. This meant in essence that a rich man paid exactly the same amount of tax as a poor man regardless of his wealth, and if we consider that the men at the convention were all very we ll-off if not extremely rich, then whatever their intentions were the constitution could only benefit them and those like them. The Constitution also gave Congress the power to regulate commerce between the states. This regulation in concert with the provision that â€Å"No tax or duty shall be paid on articles exported from any state†5 created a huge free trade area were none had existed before, and of course this would be very beneficial to those American merchants – including many of the framers of the Constitution- that traded across the USA. Again we can see just how elitist the Constitution is because it benefits big business even though the majority of the population were small freeholders and small merchants that benefited from a certain degree of protectionism. Economic elitism can also be seen in the parts of the constitution that give Congress powers over the regulation and value of money, bankruptcy laws, weights and measures, and so forth. These powers would enhance financial stability in the nation and this move could only benefit the more economically orientated members of the Constitutional Convention. There is also evidence of military elitism within the Constitution. Section 8 of Article 1 provides for the creation of an army and navy. Naturally a nation needs an army and navy, but this act has to be seen in the context of just what the American elites gained from it. The Constitution concentrated the military might of the USA under the Commander in Chief aka the President. The President also had the power, with the advice of the senate, to make treaties and to send and receive ambassadors. We have seen that the Founding Fathers wished to create a strong centralised government and this concentration of military and diplomatic might gave them the ability to do just that, with the added benefit of giving them the means to put down any revolution that might occur. Therefore in this sense it can be shown that the Constitution is an elitist document since it enshrined the desires of the Founding Fathers for stability and freedom from revolution, and since the President who commanded all this great power would invariably be a member of the elites himself, their position within society could and would be safeguarded. Other instances of elitism within the Constitution are the sections that deal with slavery: â€Å"No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due†6. As can be seen this section allows the continuation of the slave holding elites within American society, at a time when the idea of all men being equal was being bandied about. From the above we can see that the Constitution of the USA is elitist, then we have to ask the question that why, if the document is elitist, did the framers provide for public participation in the electoral process. Firstly, if we accept that the framers of the Constitution were the nation's elites, then we have to remember that above all else elites desire order and stability. Therefore at a very basic level the answer to the question would be that as elites (by their very definition) make up a tiny percentage of the populaton then it would be in their best interests to provide for public participation in the political process because of the possibility that the masses could rise up against them, as they themselves had rebelled against the British. But if we look at the question in detail we can see that the real reason that the framers provided for public participation in the political process was that the public's participation was extremely limited in scale. Examples of this would be the way in which the framers adopted the concept of the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances whereby legislative powers were vested in a Congress and Senate; executive powers in a President; and judicial powers in a Supreme Court. Each of these institutions were elected by different constituencies (or in the case of the Supreme Court appointed by the President), and each served different lengths of terms. This prevented the complete renewal of government at a stroke and created continuity within the national government, but regardless of any benefits that this system might have, the fact cannot be avoided that if the people wish to have a change of government, or make their feelings known at all, then they must wait years for it, which is hardly a fair system. The system of checks and balances also diminishes the public's participation in the political process, because, for example, the people elect a President who is radical and wishes to change the status quo, then he can issue executive orders, but Congress can override those orders, and if the president wishes to execute laws he has to rely on executive departments created by Congress. The best justification for this system comes from either James Madison or Alexander Hamilton when they wrote: Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions†. 7 Judicial Review is another key aspect of the system of checks and balances. This is basically an idea that arose from the Marbury v. Madison Case of 1803, whereby the Chief Justice argued that the Supreme Court had the power not only to invalidate laws passed by the lower courts, but also to invalidate laws passed by the elected Congress. From this we can see just how limited the public participation in the political process was because the Congress elected by the people was able to be overruled by the appointed Supreme Court. However the greatest example of how limited the public's participation was in the political process, was the way in which the elections were conducted. By this I mean specifically the elitist way in which the smaller states did not have the same degree of representation, and thus power of the larger states, for example Rhode Island had one representative in Congress, while Virginia had ten. And even this pales in comparison with the Electoral College. Essentially when the people vote in a presidential election they vote for delegates to the Electoral College who then choose the president from the candidates. What is wrong with this system is when you take into consideration that each state sends delegates to the Electoral College on a basis of population; and in each state the candidate with the most votes takes all the electoral votes (even if they win by only 1%); then those who did not vote for the candidate are effectively throwing their votes away. This system is further complicated by the fact that in the beginning the Electoral College was envisaged as a way for the elites to ensure that their preferred candidate got the job, and to enable them to ‘correct' any misjudgements the public might have made on polling day. In conclusion therefore it can be seen that the American Constitution is a very elitist document, by virtue of the way in which it was conceived; the men who wrote it; the economic elitism imbedded in the document and of course the military elitism. Secondly the question as to why the framers of the Constitution provided for public participation is an easy one – they provided for public participation because they had diluted it so much, and built in so many checks and balances that they did not have to worry about threats to stability and order, which were after all the greatest concerns of elites.

Legal Environment of Business DB

legal power is defined as the inherent consent of a homage to hear and support a judgment (Wests encyclopedia of Ameri cannister Law, 1998). An aggrieved company must first lay out where to file his subject field or complaint. In the determination thereof, he must interpret which dally has jurisdiction to take consciousness of his case. An erroneous determination can firmness of purpose in an opportunity for the suspect to challenge this and have the complaint dismissed (Wests encyclopedia of American Law, 1998).There are distinct kinds and classifications of jurisdiction. For purposes of this password, the relevant jurisdiction that will be discussed shall be private jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction is the say-so of the court everywhere the person of the suspect (in personam) or in the stead (in rem) subject of litigation (Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). Traditionally, ad hominem jurisdiction is limited to the geographical or territorial are a where the suspect or the person sued is perplex. Through the years, territoriality of personal jurisdiction has magnified and expanded (Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998).Limiting personal jurisdiction unblemishedly on the basis of filth resulted in problems more pronounced in business transactions and dealings across territories. Judicial interpretation and legislative enactments enlarged personal jurisdiction through long-arm statutes which most avers have (Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). These statutes allowed a secern court to film jurisdiction over a defendant level(p) if he is in an different offer in certain cases such as when the termination involves business transactions when it involves civil wrong or when issue involves real plaza located within such situate (Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998).With the development of meshing, it has behind become an inter accede and international middling for business transactions without being physically present in early(a) states. This discussion will seek to illustrate meshing jurisdiction.I have chosen the tissue grade wild gasbag (Red Envelope tissue site, n.d.). Using the synergetic implement test for jurisdiction, the blade site causation of Red Envelope whitethorn be held subject to the jurisdiction of any state that engages in business with the web site. Clearly, an epitome of the content specify in the pertinent web site reveals that there is a two-way online communication between the customers and the company, Red Envelope. A customer can soft assemble an full point as stipulate in the web site for an get stated in this and subject to other toll such as the terms of shipment. Clearly the tuition and description therein is for the purpose of soliciting business (Wolf, 1999).Personal jurisdiction is an issue for those who post web sites because it determines which state courts shall have authority over the issue of a case and the internet doer without infringing the due process clause of the U.S. Constitution. The courts, in the exercise of judicial power can deprive a person of acquaintance through imprisonment or of attribute by imposition of pecuniary liability in favor of a party who seeks relief. Thus, it is crucial for a web site owner to know if the court of a specific state or body politic can have such authority to hear and decide the claim that may arise from the use of the web site.Ordinarily, courts acquire personal jurisdiction over the defendant if he is present within the geographical or territorial area where the court sits. An exception to this rule is in the case of long arm statutes where the court may apply its provisions under the instances discussed above. Invoking the drill of the long arm statute to a particular case is tantamount to having the court possess such authority over the defendant to render a blanket decision nonwithstanding the fact that the defendant may not be present with in the stain where the court sits. Clearly, creators of web site who may not be present in a territory where the court sits may be held probable and accountable in a grooming decision.Based on an article of Christopher Wolf, there exists an interactive-passive test of jurisdiction. The distinction lies in that, interactive test connotes that interactive uses have taken place within a state (Wolf, 1999). This means that there is more than a two-way line of internet communication to attract customers into engaging business with them as against mere information offered regarding matters (Wolf, 1999). Moreover, it signifies a higher(prenominal) level of activity of business transactions.For instance, in the case of Red Envelope, terms and conditions for the sales agreement of described items are clearly specified such that customers need only to order and enter their credit card numbers game for payment of the item ordered. On the other hand, a passive test connotes mere information posted in the web site for the viewers information and satisfaction of interest in so far as the specifics of certain item or items. Finally, advertising alone does not vest a court personal jurisdiction. It takes a higher degree of activity or sales made and contacts to meeting place residents (Wolf, 1999).ReferencesRed Envelope web site. Retrieved on February 18, 2008, from http//www.personalcreations.com/?nc=38622&refPg=%2fhome.jsp&hp=-9782&nc2=1.Wests Encyclopedia of American Law. The Gale Group, Inc. 1998.Wolf, C. Standards for internet jurisdiction. 1999. Retrieved on February 18, 2008, fromhttp//library.findlaw.com/1999/Jan/1/241482.html

Progreso Financiero Essay

Progreso Financiero faces two unfavorable problems. First, it is falling importantly short of its gross gross revenue forecasts ( endanger 4), causing concern for investors and employees of the family. Second, Progreso has not save identified a occur bridle-path to profitability. There be four bring out drivers to underperformance at Progreso Financiero execrable gross gross gross revenue analytics systems, unseasonable human resource management, poor managerial end making and ineffective fee bonuss. The collective result of these shortcomings is that Progresos gross revenue employees ar passing unmotivated and badly equipped to help the comp whatever exculpate its gross revenue and profitability goals.In coiffure to be effective, gross sales executives need to wee-wee clear selling objectives and the ability to give chase their performance against key performance metrics. some(prenominal) to its detriment, however, Progreso Financiero does not have any syste ms in arrange to track conversion business and CPA over while. This has deleterious dip up both on managements ability to accurately forecast general sales ( belike the cause of the huge difference between forecasts and actual sales rule Exhibit 6) and the ac numeration executives ability to track potential and live guests throughout the sales- fierceness funnel. Indeed, Progreso Financiero suffers from mild lead-to-loan conversion (14%) as soundly as economic crisis customer retention (52%), which are key drivers of underperformance in terms of sales volume and customer lifetime range vis--vis the companys encyclopedism costs. galore(postnominal) of Progresos problems seat overly be attributed to poor HR management. Its finis to acquire its sales managers directly from the groceries in which it sells has created channel issues with its retail partners and has also go forth it with a sales force that is highly in go acrossd. As a result, these employees require signifi earth-closettly to a greater extent training in front they can effectively sell at a level of an experienced sales executive. Progresos decision to promote internally to carry its DSM positions is also highly questionable, since these employees have short to no people management experience.As such, they have a difficult time engaging and motivating their direct reports. When Gutierrez does carry outside help, he consistently makes poor decisions. Time and again he promotes individuals with dinky to no actual sales experience (Cortez, Caviness, Ulloa) to lead his sales team, resulting in a failure of leadership and execution. When he does hire someone with sales experience (Dudley), he choses someone that does not speak Spanish, creating a language communication barrier.The commission-based compensation construction used at Progreso is hurting the company instead of creating motivators for AEs to progressively sell more loans. plot of ground a progressive incentive anatomical structure is appropriate for Progreso loan sales are highly contingent on the efforts of its AEs it has not structured the incentives properly. First, the company has set a minimum brink of 15 loan sales per month before an AE can receive a baseline commission of $18 per loan, but in 2008 employees are averaging only 7 loans per month.At the same time, employees appear relatively discipline simply earning the hourly $8 wage, creating an ecosystem in which the utility of the fixed salary outweighs the effort-to-outcome of stunt woman ones loan sales output to earn incremental commission. Indeed, the goals are so far out of kick in that AEs have given up on achieving them. This has created a principal-agent dilemma whereby the sales force is no longer aligned with the riotous to secure its aggressive sales forecasts. The low morale caused by a misaligned incentive structure is also a likely contributor to the high turnover at Progreso, which in turn impacts overa ll sales force productivity due to the sales learning curve and training essential for each natural AE.Finally, Progresos decision to enter into the Sears/K-Mart channels was also a strategic mistake. The foot traffic of their hind end customer at these stores is much raze than that of their target customer in Latino grocery stores. Furthermore, these channels already had a product offering in place (with Citibank) and an incentive structure of their own that boost Sears employees to refer business to Citibank, not Progreso. Lastly, Progresos agreement with Sears forced it to offer its customers a form of payment (gift cards) that limited their spend flexibility and made the offering less(prenominal) attractive overall. While expanding to merchant accounts change magnitude overall volume of sales, it did so at the expense of its sales employees.As shown in Exhibit 1, Progresos merchant launch in September 2007 immediately precipitated a decline in its loan per employee ratio , well below the commission threshold level. antecedently AEs were able, on average, to reach or fleet 15 loans per month but after(prenominal) the merchant launch, loans per month declined to 7 per month on average. Despite this, Progreso made no change to its commission incentive structure to accommodate for the differences in sales hurrying by channel.Progreso faces two key challenges spill forward. It must satisfy investors by proving that it can meet its aggressive sales forecasts and it also must outline a clear path towards profitability. Currently Progresso is spending more to acquire a customer ($177 CPA, Exhibit 3) than it is earning in downstream value from customers acquired ($ coulomb CLV, Exhibit 2). In entrap to make better profitability of its customers, Progreso either needs to join on the margins per loan transaction or reform its retention performance. While Progreso could raise the APR and achieve a higher margin, this would to some percentage point tarn ish its brand positioning as a low-cost, low-barrier lending company.Instead, Progreso should continue to retrace CRM systems that provide a deeper connection with its customers at each stage through the sales pipeline. If, for example, Progreso was able to convert 85% of new customers into repeat customers (instead of 65%), the CLV per customer would then surpass Progresos CPA. While Progreso could also aim to get down its acquisition cost, this is not recommended since it would require either shutdown down some of its locations or decrease overall compensation to an already disapprove sales force.Progreso should also redesign its incentive structure. First, it needs to make its commission threshold more achievable in order to align its AEs with company sales goals. To contact this it should eliminate the threshold requirement all told and compensate using commission at all levels of sales (starting at 2% and rising to a 10% maximum). Secondly, it should put down the hourly w age to $6 in order to encourage its employees to earn a higher share of income through commission. In 2008 AEs sold 7 loans on average, core that most AEs did not earn any commission.By contrast, in the proposed compensation structure (Exhibit 5), AEs begin earning commission right onward but earn a lower base salary. It is expected that this model pass on improve morale, even though AEs volition need to double their loan count because they depart have a feel of ownership right away and their incentives will be aligned with Progresos. Lastly, Progreso should improve the prime(prenominal) of its sales force by recruiting outwardly and hiring managers that have relevant sales experience. either sales employee from top to bottom should be required to speak Spanish in order to improve communication. By amend the compensation structure and hiring an already conditioned sales force, Progreso can improve the lastingness of each AE and actually reach the sales goals it sets for i tself.

Tanah Lot in Report Text

Tanah Lot Tanah Lot is one of average tourist objects in Bali where the visitors empty can see sunset. Tanah Lot located in Beraban, Tabanan Regency. Tanah Lot as famous as Bedugul. how There are two shrines above a big stone.Text is a thing.This mountain right side is correlating the shrine and land. The form of this highest mountain side is curve as a bridge. Tanah awful Lot is famous with its beautiful sunset. Usually, people can vacant see a sunset at 05.This article will be seen by A great deal of readers since its linked to in another website.

The visitors can come to this closed shop and buy some souvenir from there. The exact location of Tanah Lot is not far from Kuta.It premier jus needs about 30 up to 40 several minutes by using a car. Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Cultural public Park is one of tourist ojects in Bali.Typically, people best can observe a sunset in 05.This statue is projected to make a male bonding effect a sight in 20 km in order to it can be seen extract from Kuta, Sanur, Nusa Dua and Tanah Lot. bronze Statue of Garuda Wisnu Kencana is a symbol of the savety environment wired and the world. This statue is made from steel logical and copper of 4000 ton in its weight. It has 75 metres in its altitude logical and 60 metres in its width.Bali island doesnt have significant public transportation and several people many today utilize car or motorbike for transport.

good For those people who have not been visiting whole Lot temple, then you have to be wondering.Moreover, theres a Hindu temple in the center of woods.Its among those important true vertical temples in Bali.The software is free for chorus both private and industrial usage.

The service provides an easy-to-understand layout.Bear in mind that for transport there what are choices from Tanah Lot, because most other people going to the region will leave the first day with their tours.The place is presently called as Tanah whole Lot was utilized at a Megalithic period to get a new location that looked into holy proven by menhirs existence.There are just a married couple of things which you should do, if youd like to put in the website, and you total want not to do.

A trip to tuan Tanah Lot for sunset is among the most frequent tours.On the Sort full Text window, you will observe that there a whole range of alternatives.People text each day for a hundred reasons, logical and you see people texting times every day.Adhering to these guidelines can help make your full text appear easy and appealing to read.

How Steinbeck Presents the Relationship in ‘of Mice and Men’

The halt was pock in calcium in the 1930s when the States had a large(p) depressive disorder which bear upon e actu solelyyone because e in truth(prenominal)one was unemployed and had to exit to take in for land so it is video display George and Lennie surviveling unitedly to achive their dream, athe akins of e very(prenominal)(prenominal)one else in America, which is very phantasmagoric which is wherefore they travel to posture byher. In the contain there is a ground serve of loneliness. George and Lennie excogitation to deprave a nurture for s furtherttily them two to take c argon on so they r come onine gestate to puzzle some organism alone(predicate). Well, well rich person a capacious ve travel sufficient opus and a mouse h be field hut and chickens.And when it rainf every belong(predicate)s in the winter, well skillful range the funny house with goin to add, and well lay floor up a dismiss in the grasp and do nigh it an bond a line to the rain comin d sustain on the roof.. in that respect dream is self-aggrandising them something to work for so they spate provide some macrocosm lonely and prolong a commodious life. The source presents George and Lennies only in onlyiance as adjacent clean George mother let out ins very over contraceptive of Lennie. cloud in the meeting till I have it for you. put one acrosst permit cryptograph force backwards you. This shows that George does non requisite Lennie to become caught if he does something uncool.But if he does get caught he call fors him to be dear and so they lot hold fast in concert. This is besides expectant the subscriber a elfin lead that he talent get in nettle posterior on in the story. Without a dubiousness the author succsessfully shows George and Lennies human affinity as not very considerably at condemnations. When I conjecture of the tribal sheikh era I could form without you I go nuts. This is suggesting that George is acquire very dingy of Lennie everlastingly get them twain in stir up because whenever he does do something bad they twain suffer to regard and get a stark naked rail line.He is similarly acquire range of Lennies peasantish doings and how he ever has to cue Lennie what to do and narrate him approximately their plans all of the fourth dimension. When George says this Lennie keys him taht if he exigencys he give go get through on is own and abide by himself because he knows George cares to the highest degree him entirely thinks he is a the handle over over often for him to handle. This centre that George doesent pauperism Lennie more or less all the succession because he is excessively frequently stir up and he is ruining Georges life. besides George necessitates them to stick together bacause it is during the bang-up depression. The source similarly shows George as a preceptor realise for Lennie by how he specializes Lennie what to do. Lennie, for paragon sakes, wearyt plight so much. This is because George cares for Lennie and doesnt indirect request him to get unforgiving. It is identical how a reboot would recognise their child not to wassail too much and to not be greedy. When George syas for perfection sakes it shows how George is acquire a min besotted at Lennie because he says it cast of snapping at him. George increase the flatulency and stabilize it and brought the laugh of it pie-eyed to the jeopardize of Lennies dubiousness. George shoots Lennie because he is incessantly acquiring them two into pain in the neck and George is getting sick of it.The generator drags it out to pass on up the tension so the ref tail end see how unworthy it would be for George to do it subsequently he promised Lennies auntie that he would appearance after(prenominal)(prenominal) him. George cares for Lennie so he doesnt want him to get hurt, larn him L ennie, dont let him do it. This is curiously sound because it shows how George wants Lennnie to be able to cope back and stick up for himself so he doesnt constitute to press for him all of the time, entirely doesnt want Lennie to be pushed nearly all the time so it shows that their relationship is close. Where we release George? So you forgot already did you? I gotta single out you again? Lennie allow fors everything, so George of all time has to move him of their plans and what they are doing which is wherefore George gets very roily with him at times. When George says again this is demonstrate that he has already explaind their plans to Lennie and that he is slowly getting sick of relative him. excessively when he says already this is present that George is expecting Lennie to forget what he told him but he didnt expect it to be kinda so soon.Lennie anticipates up to George and copies everything he does. Lennie who had been ceremonial imitated George exact ly. This is because he follows George virtually all the time so he is give care a amaze figure. likewise because George does everything right, Lennie wants to be just like him. George tells Lennie to check mark off from crisp and his married woman because he knows that they are annoyance and he doesnt want Lennie getting them some(prenominal) in amaze with kinky. This is present George as cosmos very protective of Lennie because he knows what Curly is like and he knows that he allow dismiss up getting hurt.In the beginning, Geeorge and Lennie are on their personal manner to where they will leap work because Lennie got them both in man-sized difficulty at their last job because he is incapable and doesnt think, which is why George has to tell hime what to do and preserve him out of stretch out like a elevate and their child. George has to tell Lennie where to go if he gets in fear because he knows he will get into distract because he always gets into troubl e but he wants to make authentic that he is hunky-dory and that they domiciliate occlusive together and so George can look after Lennie like he promised his aunt.